Archaeology is the scientific study of human history and prehistory through the excavation and analysis of artifacts, structures, and other physical remains. It encompasses the examination of material culture, such as tools, pottery, monuments, and ancient buildings, to understand the lifestyles, social structures, and customs of past societies. Archaeologists employ various techniques, including field surveys, excavations, laboratory analyses, and dating methods, to uncover and interpret historical evidence. By reconstructing human behavior and cultural developments over time, archaeology provides insights into how people lived, interacted, and evolved in different environments and periods.